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Question 1:
Which of the following correctly lists the cellular hierarchy from the simplest to the most complex structure?
A. organ system, organism, organ, tissue, cell
B. cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
C. tissue, cell, organ, organ system, organism
D. organism, organ system, organ, tissue, cell
Correct Answer: B
The cellular hierarchy starts with the cell, the simplest structure, and progresses to organisms, the most complex structures.
Question 2:
If a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, what will happen to the cell?
A. It will swell.
B. It will shrink.
C. It does not affect the cell.
D. It will stay the same.
Correct Answer: B
A hypertonic solution is a solution with a higher particle concentration than in the cell, and consequently lower water content than in the cell. Water moves from the cell to the solution, causing the cell to experience water loss and shrink.
Question 3:
What is the longest phase of the cell cycle?
A. mitosis
B. cytokinesis
C. interphase
D. metaphase
Correct Answer: C
Interphase is the period when the DNA is replicated (or when the chromosomes are replicated) and is the longest part of the cell cycle.
Question 4:
What is the possibility that the offspring produced will have brown eyes? B = alleles for brown eyes; g = alleles for green eyes
A. 100%
B. 75%
C. 50%
D. 25%
Correct Answer: B
Dominant genes are always expressed when both alleles are dominant (BB) or when one is dominant and one is recessive (Bg). In this case, 3/4 or 75% will have brown eyes.
Question 5:
When does the nuclear division of somatic cells take place during cellular reproduction?
A. mitosis
B. meiosis
C. cytokinesis
D. interphase
Correct Answer: A
The nuclear division of somatic cells takes place during mitosis.
Question 6:
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are similar in having which of the following?
A. Presence of a nucleus
B. Protein-studded DNA
C. Integral membrane proteins in the plasma membrane
D. Membrane-bound organelles
Correct Answer: D
Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes interact with the extracellular environment and use membrane-bound or membrane-associated proteins to achieve this. They both use diffusion and active transport to move materials in and out of their cells. Prokaryotes have very few proteins associated with their DNA, whereas eukaryotes\’ DNA is richly studded with proteins. Both types of living things can have flagella, although with different structural characteristics in the two groups. The most important differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes are the lack of a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles in prokaryotes.
Question 7:
Which of the following is an example of a tissue?
A. xylem
B. liver
C. mammal
D. hamstring
Correct Answer: A
A xylem is an example of a tissue. A liver is an organ, a mammal is a type of organism, and a hamstring is a muscle.
Question 8:
The adrenal glands are part of the __________.
A. respiratory system.
B. emphatic system.
C. endocrine system.
D. immune system.
Correct Answer: C
The adrenal glands are part of the endocrine system.
They sit on the kidneys and produce hormones that regulate salt and water balance and influence blood pressure and heart rate.
Question 9:
Which of the following is exchanged between two or more atoms that undergo ionic bonding?
A. electrical charges
B. valence electrons
C. transitory electrons
D. neutrons
Correct Answer: B
An ionic bond forms when one atom donates an electron from its outer shell, called a valence electron, to another atom to form two oppositely charged atoms.
Question 10:
Which vitamin is synthesized within the human body?
A. vitamin D
B. vitamin E
C. vitamin C
D. vitamin A
Correct Answer: A
Question 11:
By which gland in the body is produced follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), which is responsible for maturation of follicles in the ovary?
A. corpus luteum
B. ovary
C. anterior lobe of pituitary gland
D. posterior lobe of pituitary gland
Correct Answer: C
Question 12:
Which of these make up a molecule of fat?
A. three molecules of fatty acid and one molecule of glycerol
B. one glycerol molecule and three stearic acid molecules
C. three molecules of glycerol and one molecule of fatty acid
D. one carbon, one hydrogen, and one oxygen molecule
Correct Answer: A
Question 13:
Which of these statements regarding the process of fermentation is true?
A. It is an example of tissue respiration where yeast acts on carbohydrates to produce oxygen and alcohol.
B. It is an example of an aerobic process where yeast acts on a sugar solution to produce oxygen and alcohol.
C. It is an example of an anaerobic process where bacteria act on a protein solution to produce carbon dioxide and alcohol.
D. It is an example of an anaerobic process where yeast acts on a sugar solution to produce carbon dioxide and alcohol.
Correct Answer: D
Question 14:
Which of these statements regarding the “oxygen debt” created during heavy exercise is true?
A. Oxygen debt is created due to build-up of acetic acid in the muscles, which needs a high level of oxygen to be oxidized.
B. Oxygen debt is created due to build-up of lactic acid in the muscles, which needs a high level of oxygen to be oxidized.
C. Oxygen debt is created due to build-up of lactic acid in the liver, which needs a high level of oxygen to be stored.
D. Oxygen debt is created due to build-up of lactic acid in the muscles, which needs a high level of carbon dioxide to be oxidized.
Correct Answer: B
Question 15:
Which of these statements regarding facilitated diffusion across a cell membrane is true?
A. It is a kind of active transport (i.e., does directly use energy such as hydrolysis of ATP) that requires protein pumps.
B. It is a kind of passive transport (i.e., does not directly use energy such as hydrolysis of ATP) that does not require transmembrane/carrier proteins.
C. It is a kind of passive transport (i.e., does not directly use energy such as hydrolysis of ATP) that requires transmembrane/carrier proteins.
D. It is a kind of active transport (i.e., does directly use energy such as hydrolysis of ATP) that requires transmembrane/carrier proteins.
Correct Answer: C